Controlled Natural Languages

What are Controlled Natural Languages?

"Controlled Natural Languages are subsets of natural languages whose grammars and dictionaries have been restricted in order to reduce or eliminate both ambiguity and complexity. Traditionally, controlled languages fall into two major categories: those that improve readability for human readers, particularly non-native speakers, and those that improve computational processing of the text."

Basic Introduction

• Controlled Languages
• Controlled Languages: An Introduction
• Controlled English
• Can Controlled Languages Scale to the Web?
• Sublanguages
• Sublanguage in the sky
• TC-Forum

Research

• Attempto Controlled English
• PENG (Processable ENGlish)
• CELT (Controlled English to Logic Translation)
• ClearTalk
• Common Logic Controlled English
• Computer-Processable Language (CPL)
• EBS Letters Structured Digital Abstracts Experiment
• First Order English
• Formalized-English
• Ikarus
• The KANT Project
• Metalog - PNL
• Prosper
• The Reading to Learn Project
• Sydney OWL Syntax (SOS)

Industry

• ASD Simplified Technical English
• Controlled Language in Industry
• Standard Language at Ford Motor Company
• Acrolinx

Tools

• Boeing Simplified English Checker
• CLAT (Controlled Language Authoring Technology)
• MAXit - Controlled English Checker

Trends

• Semantics of Business Vocabulary and Business Rules
• Common Logic For Healthcare Information Technology
• Fades and Fallacies about Logic
• Extending Semantic Interoperability To Legacy Systems and an Unpredictable Future
• Tools turn English to code
• Natural programming
• Architectures for Intelligent Systems
• Internet Business Logic
• Controlled Languages and Speech Prompts
• Natural Language Usage - Issues and Strategies for Universal Access to Information
• Discussion about recommendations to increase knowledge reuse

Miscellaneous

• Word frequencies
• Jeff Allen's talk at MT-CL-SL in Besancon, France, May 5-6, 2004
• Controlled Language for Knowledge Representation

---

Rolf Schwitter, Centre for Language Technology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia Last modified: April 14, 2008